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<div style="font-style:normal;font-weight:600;" class="wp-block-post-date has-text-color has-primary-color has-heading-5-font-size"><time datetime="2024-05-11T09:44:01-04:00">May 11, 2024</time></div>
<h1 class="has-text-align-left wp-block-post-title">Traefik 3.0 service discovery in Docker Swarm mode</h1>
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<div class="entry-content wp-block-post-content has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-post-content-is-layout-constrained">
<p>I recently decided to set up a Docker swarm cluster for a project I was working on. If you aren&#8217;t familiar with Swarm mode, it is similar in some ways to k8s but with much less complexity and it is built into Docker. If you are looking for a fairly straightforward way to deploy containers across a number of nodes without all the overhead of k8s it can be a good choice, however it isn&#8217;t a very popular or widespread solution these days. </p>
<p>Anyway, I set up a VM scaling set in Azure with 10 Ubuntu 22.04 vms and wrote some Ansible scripts to automate the process of installing Docker on each machine as well as setting 3 up as swarm managers and the other 7 as worker nodes. I ssh&#8217;d into the primary manager node and created a docker compose file for launching an observability stack.</p>
<p>Here is what that <code>docker-compose.yml</code> looks like:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>---
services:
otel-collector:
image: otel/opentelemetry-collector-contrib:0.88.0
volumes:
- /home/user/repo/common/devops/observability/otel-config.yaml:/etc/otel/config.yaml
- /home/user/repo/log:/log/otel
command: --config /etc/otel/config.yaml
environment:
JAEGER_ENDPOINT: 'tempo:4317'
LOKI_ENDPOINT: 'http://loki:3100/loki/api/v1/push'
ports:
- '8889:8889' # Prometheus metrics exporter (scrape endpoint)
- '13133:13133' # health_check extension
- '55679:55679' # ZPages extension
deploy:
placement:
constraints:
- node.hostname==dockerswa2V8BY4
networks:
- traefik
prometheus:
container_name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:v2.42.0
volumes:
- /home/user/repo/common/devops/observability/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
ports:
- '9090:9090'
deploy:
placement:
constraints:
- node.hostname==dockerswa2V8BY4
networks:
- traefik
loki:
container_name: loki
image: grafana/loki:2.7.4
ports:
- '3100:3100'
networks:
- traefik
grafana:
container_name: grafana
image: grafana/grafana:9.4.3
volumes:
- /home/user/repo/common/devops/observability/grafana-datasources.yml:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources/datasources.yml
environment:
GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED: 'false'
GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE: 'Admin'
expose:
- '3000'
labels:
- traefik.constraint-label=traefik
- traefik.http.middlewares.https-redirect.redirectscheme.scheme=https
- traefik.http.middlewares.https-redirect.redirectscheme.permanent=true
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-http.rule=Host(`swarm-grafana.mydomain.com`)
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-http.entrypoints=http
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-http.middlewares=https-redirect
# traefik-https the actual router using HTTPS
# Uses the environment variable DOMAIN
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-https.rule=Host(`swarm-grafana.mydomain.com`)
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-https.entrypoints=https
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-https.tls=true
# Use the special Traefik service api@internal with the web UI/Dashboard
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-https.service=grafana
# Use the "le" (Let's Encrypt) resolver created below
- traefik.http.routers.grafana-https.tls.certresolver=le
# Enable HTTP Basic auth, using the middleware created above
- traefik.http.services.grafana.loadbalancer.server.port=3000
deploy:
placement:
constraints:
- node.hostname==dockerswa2V8BY4
networks:
- traefik
# Tempo runs as user 10001, and docker compose creates the volume as root.
# As such, we need to chown the volume in order for Tempo to start correctly.
init:
image: &amp;tempoImage grafana/tempo:latest
user: root
entrypoint:
- 'chown'
- '10001:10001'
- '/var/tempo'
volumes:
- /home/user/repo/tempo-data:/var/tempo
deploy:
placement:
constraints:
- node.hostname==dockerswa2V8BY4
tempo:
image: *tempoImage
container_name: tempo
command: &#91;'-config.file=/etc/tempo.yaml']
volumes:
- /home/user/repo/common/devops/observability/tempo.yaml:/etc/tempo.yaml
- /home/user/repo/tempo-data:/var/tempo
deploy:
placement:
constraints:
- node.hostname==dockerswa2V8BY4
ports:
- '14268' # jaeger ingest
- '3200' # tempo
- '4317' # otlp grpc
- '4318' # otlp http
- '9411' # zipkin
depends_on:
- init
networks:
- traefik
networks:
traefik:
external: true
</code></pre>
<p>Pretty straightforward so I proceed to deploy it into the swarm</p>
<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml observability</code></pre>
<p>Everything deploys properly but when I view the Traefik logs there is an issue with all the services except for the grafana service. I get errors like this:</p>
<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>traefik_traefik.1.tm5iqb9x59on@dockerswa2V8BY4 | 2024-05-11T13:14:16Z ERR error="service \"observability-prometheus\" error: port is missing" container=observability-prometheus-37i852h4o36c23lzwuu9pvee9 providerName=swarm
</code></pre>
<p>It drove me crazy for about half a day or so. I couldn&#8217;t find any reason why the grafana service worked as expected but none of the others did. Part of my love/hate relationship with Traefik stems from the fact that configuration issues like this can be hard to track and debug. Ultimately after lots of searching and banging my head against a wall I found the answer in the Traefik docs and thought I would share here for anyone else who might run into this issue. Again, this solution is specific to Docker Swarm mode.</p>
<p></p>
<p><a href="https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/swarm/#configuration-examples">https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/providers/swarm/#configuration-examples</a></p>
<p>Expand that first section and you will see the solution:</p>
<figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="634" height="181" src="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image.png" alt="" class="wp-image-565" style="width:720px;height:auto" srcset="/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image.png 634w, /wp-content/uploads/2024/05/image-300x86.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px"></figure>
<p>It turns out I just needed to update my <code>docker-compose.yml</code> and nest the labels under a deploy section, redeploy and everything was working as expected.</p>
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